Сравнительный анализ китайских предлогов "Zài(在), Cónɡ(从)" и соответствующих узбекских аффиксов/вспомогательных

2. Contrastive Analysis of Chinese Prepositions "Zài(at)、Cónɡ(from)" and Corresponding Uzbek Affixes/Auxiliaries

2.1 The preposition "Zài(at)"

According to "The Eight Hundred Words in Modern Chinese" edited by Lu Shuxiang, there are five usages of the preposition "Zài(at)":

1) Indicates time. E.g:

① Chinese: Wǒ zài dà xuéde shíhou xuéxí hànyǔ hěn nǔlì.(as adverbial)
Uzbek: Men universitetda o'qiyotganimda xitoy tilini tirishqoqlik bilan o'rganganman.
English:When I was in university, I studied Chinese very hard.

② Chinese:Wǒ zuótiān zài shíyīdiǎn shuìjiào de.(as adverbial)
Uzbek:Men kecha soat 11da uxladim.
English:I slept at eleven o'clock yesterday.

③ Chinese:Wǒ chūshēnɡ zài 1998nián.(as complement)
Uzbek:Men 1998-yilda tug’ilganman.
English:I slept at eleven o'clock yesterday.

④ Chinese:*Zài xiàtiān tǎshén’ɡān fēichánɡ rè.(×)
Xiàtiān tǎshén’ɡān fēichánɡ rè.(√)
Uzbek:Yozda Toshkent juda issiq
English:Tashkent is very hot in summer.

⑤ Chinese:Wǒ yìbān zài shíyīdiǎn yǐqián shuìjiào.
Uzbek:Men odatda soat 11dan oldin uxlayman.
English:I usually go to bed before eleven o'clock.

"Zài" means that time can be used as adverbial (sentence ①) or complement (sentence ③). Its sentence pattern is generally expressed as "Zài + time ", but in a sentence with time as the subject, there is no need to add "Zài" (sentence ④). "Zài… shíhou"(when) and"Zài…yǐqián "(before) can be used as a fixed phrase(sentence ①⑤).The affix corresponding to the preposition "Zài" in Uzbek is "-da", and its usage is generally expressed as "time + da". "-da" can't be a single word, it can only be attached to the "root".But sometimes "Zài" is used in Chinese, while "-da" is not used in Uzbek(sentence ⑤). When it means "Zài…yǐqián "(before) in Uzbek, it does not use "-da" ,but "-dan oldin".