Сравнительный анализ китайских предлогов "Zài(在), Cónɡ(从)" и соответствующих узбекских аффиксов/вспомогательных

1. Introduction

The so-called "contrastive analysis" refers to a method of linguistic analysis that compares the systems of the two languages to reveal their similarities and differences(Liu Xun 2000:185). In 1957, Lado pointed out in the book Intercultural Linguistics that projects that are similar to the learner's mother tongue are easier for them, and it is difficult to learn from their different mother tongue projects(Cited by D. J. Chi & S. Hashimova,2019). Therefore, a systematic comparison of the two languages can predict where the learner may or may not have difficulty in learning the `target` language, thus adopting more effective second language teaching measures in the teaching. According to Lado(1957), the process of contrastive analysis generally has four steps(Cited by D. J. Chi 2019):

First, description. The `target` language and the learner's first language are described in detail and in detail as the basis for comparison.

Second, selection. Choose some meaningful language projects or structures to compare between the two languages.

Third, comparison. Compare the selected language items or language structures in the two languages to find the same points and differences between the two languages.

Fourth, prediction. On the basis of comparison, predict the difficulties and errors that may occur in the learning of second language.

Chinese and Uzbek belong to two completely different grammatical systems. Chinese belongs to the Sino-Tibetan language family and is an isolated language. Uzbek belongs to the Altai language family and is an adhesive language. The grammatical structure of the two languages is quite different. There is no "preposition" in Uzbek, only some "affixes" or "auxiliaries" corresponding to Chinese prepositions. Therefore, many Uzbek students find it difficult to learn. In addition, Chinese prepositions themselves are rich and diverse, and their usage is changeable, if the teaching methods used by teachers are not scientific enough, it will inevitably lead to a large number of errors in the use of Chinese prepositions by beginners.

According to"The Eight Hundred Words of Modern Chinese" (Lu Shuxiang ed. 1999). The space-time prepositions "Zài(at)"and"Cónɡ(from)" are selected to contrast with its corresponding Uzbek affixes/auxiliaries.The following is a detailed introduction of the usage of the 2 prepositions and contrast with the corresponding uzbek.