К вопросу о преодолении межъязыковой и внутриязыковой интерференции при обучении китайскому языку студентов: лексико-грамматический аспект

II.5. Idioms. 熟语 – Shúyǔ. The difficulties are caused by the presence in the Chinese language of a large number of phraseological units that contain a national component that describes traditions, `customs`, life, and culture of the people. Chinese phraseological units “熟语” - “shúyǔ” are divided into “成语” - “сhéngyǔ” - “finished expressions”, “谚语” - “yán yǔ” - “proverbs”, “俗语” - “súyǔ” - sayings, “惯用 语 "guànyòng yǔ" (Semenas, 2005, p. 260), - “phraseological combinations”, “歇后语” - “xiēhòuyǔ” - “allegations-allegories”.

In the lexical layer of phraseologisms, a special place is given to “成语”-“ сhéngyǔ”- to “ready-made expressions”, as they personify one of the most valuable heritage of traditional Chinese culture, conveying the centuries-old wisdom of the people. As a rule, students do not understand the original meaning of “成语” - “chéngyǔ” - “ready-made expressions” until they turn to the sources, the legend of their origin. And despite the fact that in the textbooks on the Chinese language for the interpretation of “ready-made expressions” there are historical legends, the myths of the emergence of “成语” - “chéngyǔ” - “ready-made expressions”, there are still difficulties in their use. An example is phraseologism 方龙入海 - fāng lóng rùhǎi (Li Shinchun, 2013, p. 131), which in direct translation means "Let the dragon go to sea" - "Ajdarni dengizga qo‘yib yubormoq". Meanwhile, in the culture of the Uzbek people, where the mythical hero “dragon” is quite rare, students will not be able to understand the primordial meaning of this phraseological unit. In this regard, it is necessary to get acquainted with the legend of the emergence of this "ready expression" and understand its meaning, the meaning of which is as follows: “Give the opportunity to reveal your talents”.

Difficulties of a semantic nature are associated with the absence or presence of equivalents of Chinese phraseological units in the Uzbek language of students.