К вопросу о преодолении межъязыковой и внутриязыковой интерференции при обучении китайскому языку студентов: лексико-грамматический аспект

I.3. Difficulties of calligraphy (rules for the sequential writing of hieroglyphs). As we mentioned earlier, hieroglyphic writing is more difficult for students from those countries whose writing belongs to the letter. This is due to the fact that “in letter systems of writing, a graphic nomination is built on the basis of the establishment of the connection“ sound - letter (combination of letters) - meaning ”, the hieroglyphic nomination establishes the connection“ sign - value ”(Yang Jizhou, 2010, p. 27).

However, despite the fact that philological students master the basics of the rules of calligraphy at the initial stage, they still observe deviations from the norms of Chinese writing, for example, they do not follow the rules for sequential writing of traits, complex traits do not meet the requirements of calligraphy, broken lines with a hook should have sharp angles, while Chinese students prescribe them with a smooth transition, etc. We believe that the difficulties we have identified among philological students indicate the creation of a specific Chinese hieroglyphic writing of additional barriers in the assimilation of new words in the Chinese language and lead to the emergence of intralinguistic interference.

II. Difficulties in usage. II.1 Synonyms同义词tóngyìcí. A significant difficulty for Uzbek students is the phenomenon of synonymy in the Chinese lexical system.

For example, the Uzbek word “sayohat” - “travel” and “sayohat qilmoq” - “travel” in Chinese correspond to three verbs: 1. 旅行 – lǚxíng; 2.旅游 – lǚyóu; 3. 游览 – yóulǎn, - yóulǎn, however, their use in a sentence depends on the purpose of the trip.

In the Chinese dictionary (Yang Jizhou, 2010, p. 833) these synonyms are interpreted as follows:旅行 – lǚxíng – 为了办事或游览，从一个地方到另一个地方（多指比较远的的地方）: travel, travel, trip, tourism. In order to travel on business or travel from one destination to another point (used when designating long distances). A synonym for this word “旅游” – lǚyóu(外出旅行游览), its meaning: "travel", "tourism" "sayohat qilmoq" . Departure for travel, tourism. Another synonym for these words is 游览- yóulǎn - to travel, to make an excursion, to see (sights, landscape, city) - sayohat qilmoq, ekskursiya qilmoq.

And, although all three of these verbs are united by the same meaning of “travel” “sayohatqilmoq”, however, their scope depends on the purpose of travel. Accordingly, against this background, difficulties arise for students-philologists. For example: “你们在中国都旅行/旅游了什么地方？” – “Nǐmen zài zhōngguó dоū lǚxíng/lǚyóule shénme dìfāng”. In this case, pronounced intraglanguage interference is demonstrated. The correct form of this sentence will look like this: 你们在中国都游览了什么地方？– Nǐmen zài zhōngguó dоū yóulǎnle shénme dìfāng? What places in China have you visited? – Sizlar Xitoyning qaysi joylarini sayohat qilgansizlar?

Thus, the presence of a huge number of synonyms in the Chinese language causes certain difficulties for philology students, against the background of which there arises both intralinguistic and interlingual interference.