Использование английских слов во вьетнамских СМИ

In a lot of articles in Vietnamese, the words, such as: hot boy, hot girl, teen, cute... appear many times. Young people gradually get used to using the loanwords as in the articles and use them as a habit. In the past, Vietnamese people did not use the word “teenager”. In Vietnamese, there are many words which are suitable for expressing the age groups of teenagers. These words in Vietnamese are very good and appropriate, but why do Vietnamese people replace them with the word “teenager”? Currently, the word “teenager” appears a lot in newspapers for young people, and it has gradually replaced the pure Vietnamese words that Vietnamese people still used many years ago.

Vietnamese language also has many loanwords from Chinese besides English. According to the researchers, about 60% of Vietnamese words are borrowed from Chinese language. However, when a Chinese word entered into Vietnamese, it was changed in pronunciation to suit the phonetic system of Vietnamese. This type of reading is called Sino-Vietnamese reading. This type of reading was completely built up in 9^th-10 ^th century and has been used stably up to now. (Чу, 1997).

In general, Vietnamese language borrows Chinese words for two purposes:

The first purpose - supplement the missing concepts in Vietnamese. Old Vietnamese language lacked many words, especially in the fields of culture, literature - art, law, politics, economy, defence and education. In order to supplement the missing concepts, new words were created on the basis of principles of word formation in Vietnamese. At the same time, the Vietnamese also borrowed many words from the Chinese language.

For example:

Loanwords from Chinese in the cultural field: lễ nghi (ritual), lễ hội (festival), tôn giáo (religion), văn minh (civilization)…

Loanwords in the field of literature – art: tiểu thuyết (novel), hội họa (painting), điêu khắc (sculpture), trữ tình (lyrical)…

Loanwords in the legal field: hiến pháp (constitution), luật sư (lawyer), tòa án (court), quy định (regulations)…

Loanwords in the political field: chính phủ (government), độc lập (independence), dân chủ (democracy), liên minh (alliance)…

Loanwords in the economic field: công nghiệp (industry), tư bản (capital), tỷ giá (rate), chứng khoán (securities)…

The second purpose – creation of words having different nuances of meaning. (Чу, 1997)

Sometimes, there are not enough words with formal or general nuances of meaning in Vietnamese. Therefore, Vietnamese language has borrowed some words from the Chinese language with the same basic meanings as the words in Vietnamese, but with a different nuance of meaning. From here synonym pairs have appeared: