Стратегии перевода национально-ориентированных единиц с русского языка на китайский (на примере фильма "Он - дракон")

The `word` “кормчий” (helmsman) pronounced by Prince Igor, addressing the helmsman: “А я вот может решил, кормчий?” (Maybe I have decided, helmsman?) was rendered into Chinese as 我已经决定了, 科尔木齐. It is an example of the phonetic transcription. If we take the phonetic loan 科尔木齐 separately in this version of the translation, or consider the syntactic structure of the sentence as a whole, the Chinese viewer may get the impression that “helmsman” is a `name` of one of the characters in the film or a formula of address, and not the occupation designation, which may cause an incorrect association and be classified as an inaccuracy or misrepresentation. An alternative translation here can be the `word` 舵手, which is translated as “helmsman, a person who controls a ship, a vessel”.

The `word` “helmsman” in the English translation of this phrase was totally omitted, which can be considered an example of contextual translation. Perhaps the translator decided that it would be more rational to omit this `word`, since one could clearly see on the screen, who the Prince Igor is addressing.

In the dialogue with the dragon, the main character Miroslava pronounces the following phrase: “Чур, не загораться” (Deal, do not light up!). The `word` “чур” is an interjection, prompting to comply with the agreement. In ancient times, the `word` was referred to protective swear words which served to scare away evil forces and ward off misfortune. Here, the translator appropriately conveyed the meaning of this exclamation using a functional substitution with the meaning “I agree, that will do”: 别着火，行不？

The English version of the translation of the `word` “чур” with the help of “deal” is also interesting, it can also be characterized as a functional analogue, due to which the general `message` of the phrase in the dialogue is preserved, calling on the addressee to comply with the agreement.

Let us further consider the translation of the `word` “темница” (dungeon) pronounced by Arman, the main character of the movie. The Chinese translator selected a functional analogue of 牢笼, which means “cage, trammels, and fetters”. The lexeme “темница”, meaning a place of imprisonment, prison, comes from the `word` “тьма” (darkness). It is used for both physical and figurative descriptions of imprisonment, often found in set expressions, for example, in the combination “темница души” (dungeon of the soul). The English version of the translation was the `word` “prison”, this variant can be attributed to a rough translation with a generic correspondence.

Still it should be pointed out that in both cases the semantic connotation of “imprisonment in the darkness”, which is present in the original `word` is missing in the translation.