Лев и дракон: новый этап китайско-иранского стратегического партнёрства

NOTES

1. In July 1979, the Central Committee of the CPC and the Chairman of the State Council, Hua Gofen, expressed their support for the Islamic Revolution led by Iran and Ayatollah Khomeini through the Pakistani Embassy in Tehran. They sent a verbal apology for a visit to Iran in August 1978.

2. These are agricultural and industrial product groups. Preferential import coverage is 49% of Iran's `total` supplies to the EAEU. The list of goods for which exporters of the EAEU countries will receive preferences includes meat and fat and oil products, certain types of confectionery and chocolate, as well as metals, cosmetics, and certain types of electronic and mechanical equipment. The Iranian side will be provided with tariff preferences on a detailed list of foodstuffs, primarily vegetables, fruits, dried fruits, as well as building materials, dishes, carpets, and some non-ferrous metal products.

3. On average, tariffs for Iranian products were reduced by 64%. For example, for fruits - by 50-100%, vegetables - by 25-50%, and for nuts they were completely zero. In turn, Tehran pledged to reduce duties on 864 goods. Now the EAEU countries will be able to increase supplies to Iran of medicines, chemical products and the steel industry, paper, meat and fat and oil products, equipment, cars, etc. According to experts, the `total` export volumes of the Union countries may increase by 73%.

4. In September 2015, Vladimir Putin and Xi Jinping in Moscow signed a Joint Statement on the Interconnection of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) and the SREB. A month later, a meeting of the Russian-Chinese working group took place, where the main areas of cooperation were determined, including large infrastructure projects and mutual investments.

5. In 2015, Iran signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with China to use BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) technology to establish BeiDou ground stations in Iran.

6. They will deploy squadrons of bombers - Chinese-modified versions of Russian Tu-22M3 long-range bombers with a range of 6,800 km (2,410 km when fully loaded). Squadrons of supersonic fighters - medium-range bombers Su-34 and Sukhoi-57 will be deployed.

7. Chabahar plays a key role in the International North-South Transport Corridor (INSTC), a 7,200 km (4,473 mi) freight route `linking` Mumbai to Moscow. INSTC envisions a network that will connect the ports and railway centers of the Indian Ocean and the Persian Gulf to the Caspian Sea, and then via the Russian Federation to St. Petersburg and northern Europe. For years, India has enthusiastically pushed for a project that aims to increase connectivity in Eurasia, in part because it believed it could help keep Iran outside the Chinese BRI and dampen any attempts at cooperation between Tehran and its main regional rival, Islamabad.

8. The North-South transit corridor, compared with the Suez Canal, reduces the time required to transport goods from Mumbai to Moscow by 20 days. The estimated capacity of this route for the exchange of goods is from 20 to 30 million tons per year.

9. For years, the 1.52-meter track standard adopted in CA has been a headache for logistics managers because it is not based on the 1.435-meter standard track adopted in China and most other parts of the world. Changing gauges at the border takes days for cargo and significantly cuts railway transport's competitiveness against shipping by sea.