Происхождение слова «Нукус»

As we say, while from these stories the name of Nukus city originated from the word Bird, some scientist believe that it depend on “Nukus Ruw”. But from this assumption we know the ideas are different. In some scientific work during the latter 250-300 years in the location of Nukus city there was a military fortress. In studies of Uzbekistan heroine, archeologist G’ayratdin Xojaniyazov “in 1740-1741 years in Nukus fortress it is known that Russian ambassadors under D.Gladyshev were leaving the city of Or. Historian of Khiva Yusup Bayanyi writes in his work "Horezmshah Shejire" that the Karakalpak Sultan Gaipkhon Eshimovtin's son Abdurakhman lived in Nukus fortress in 1778. Coming to 1885 Zorliq khan lived in this fortress. By 1873, the Russian kingdom had invaded Khiva and became its strategic location in the Nukus pond. The castle features several European-style buildings and barracks for soldiers”[2.14-b]. He `said` that Nukus city is a city that has been restored to the ancient fortress. In the past Nukus was called Nuskas, Nawkas, Nixan, Nawket, Shora, Shorasha. Nukus city is related to its ancient Shorsha and Birdhouse and it has more than 2500 thousand – year- history. Shorsha fortress is continued to be known as a “Er Shora” fortress which was belonged to Shora brave. In order to give some evidence or to prove his point, the scientist made an archeological scheme on “Er shora” fortress.

In fact, “Er Shora” is one of the bravery poem of Karakalpaks. Er Shora is known as a historical person, and he fought for the freedom of his country. He is called Chura Narikovich or “Qara Shora” in historical works or in Russians poems. Er Shora came out from Nukus “Uriw” Tama Tiyresinen”. Our this opinion clearly stated in the poems as:

That Er Shora `said` that his “Uriw” was Tama and born from Narik.

“Among our people, “Alpamis” poem is admitted to be from Qonirat’s, “Qoblan” is Kipshak’s, “Edige” is Mang’it’s, “Maspatsha” is Keneges’s and “Er Shora” is Nukus’s. So it is worth to boast about Er Shora who originated from Nukus “Uriw” ” [3.8]. There is a Shorsha cemetery in the fortress which was built by Er Shora and this entered as a holy place in G’ayratdin Xojaniyazov and Ong’arbay Yusupov’s “The holy places in Karakapaks”, 1994 book. The term Nukus is one of the oldest cities in its development, from the earliest to the 4th-3rd century BC. The only way to show the early stages of the history of the settlement is archaeological data. “As evidence of our speech we should say that Archaeological organism of Shorsha castle, located to the southeast of Nukus city. Scientific studies of this archeological object’s possibilities were very difficult. Because of the fact that there is a cemetery around it, the investigations are limited and it has destroyed the traces of ancient buildings. As a result of studying aerofotogenesis of the tower, there found a fortification wall in the area, its width is 60-50 meters and the area of the area is 0.25-0.35 hectares”[4.6-b]. It was not only a border guard in the southeast of the ancient Khorezm `region`, but it also investigated the water through Amiwdarya. The Toktaw castle which is located in Nukus nowadays is one of such fortress. As a result of excavations it was found that it was a border guard and protected by a small army. There is little information about the people who lived in Nukus in the middle ages. According to the date collected by ethnographers from the people around Shorsha, the remains of walls and towers were preserved nearby. Ethnographers assume that they are the remains of fortress which Karakalpak’s “Nukus uriwi” lived there in the middle ages. Writer Uzaqbay Pirjanov wrote one of his work that the `name` of Nukus originated from Persian’s nine number and means nine “uriw”, nine “tiyre”. “In some written sources and works of T.Qanatov – the `word` Nukus is not originated from 9 but it is originated from 10 “uriw”, they are “Altimshaq, Go’bdir, Jamanliq, Bozaq, Tama, Baymaq, Bayuwli, Jaqayim, Jaypar, Mesit” and we understand that as a result of joining some `groups` to each other those “uriwlar” spread, also in some cases they separated from each others. In the end of his opinion he `said` that the `name` of Nukus originated from Nukus “uriwi” who has been living in this place from ancient time” [5.9-b]. It is clear that Kanatov’s this opinion is the same as Khojaniyazov. It should be `said` that we can meet “Jalayir, Tome, Baymaq, Jaypar, Mesit” terms, which included in Nukus “uriw”, in Uzbek, khazakh, Bashkort nations.