Problems of Soviet sinology in the second half of the 1940s.

Abstract
The article is devoted to the problems of the development of Soviet Sinology in the second half of the 1940s. Based on historical sources, primarily documents from the archives of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the historical picture of events is restored and the problems and contradictions that determined the development of Sinology in Russia during this period are revealed. In the mid-1940s, when, after the end of World War II, the process of returning from the evacuation of scientific and educational institutions was completed, the activities of universities and institutes were fully restored and partly reformed, a new stage in the development of Soviet Sinology began. This period ended with the transfer in 1950 of the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR to Moscow. In the second half of the 1940s the main forces of Soviet scientific Sinology were gathered in Leningrad, but Moscow surpassed it in terms of Sinology education In the mid-1940s, due to political repression and military losses, there was a great shortage of Sinological specialists, but during this period many well-known Sinologists returned to science and education. In addition, young cadres were involved in teaching, research and compiling dictionaries, who have already headed scientific schools and directions since the beginning of the 1950s. The staff of the Institute of Oriental Studies focused on lexicography and translations from Chinese, at this time new sources were introduced into scientific circulation, the funds were replenished with documents and literature. The main efforts of the Sinologists of the Institute of Oriental Studies, with the support of colleagues from various institutions, were directed towards the completion of a three-volume Chinese-Russian dictionary. Young Sinologists who taught at universities dealt with the problems of modern history. In the mid-1940s. A revival of classical Russian Sinology was outlined in the USSR, but since 1947 the Soviet bureaucracy has initiated political campaigns under the guise of scientific discussions, as a result of which the main forces of Sinology were aimed at protecting ideological attitudes and providing political and propaganda support for Stalin's domestic and foreign policies. Personnel policy has become an instrument of government intervention in the activities of orientalists. Most of the scientific works and projects that Sinologists worked on in the second half of the 1940s were not completed. Not only most of the translations and scientific studies, but the three-volume Chinese-Russian Dictionary were not published. Sinologists are forced to limit their work to the current requests of the authorities, to adjust the research results to fit the installations lowered from above. The era of development of Soviet Sinology in the second half of the 1940s. ended with the modernization of Soviet oriental studies. In 1950, by the decision of the Council of Ministers of the USSR, the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Academy of Sciences was transferred to Moscow, where new young leaders appeared and the main forces of Soviet Sinology were concentrated. Second half of the 1940s was a very important period in the history of Russian Sinology. At this time, scientific sinology was fully restored, the scientific and pedagogical potential of Soviet Sinology was significantly increased. Soviet Sinologists of the second half of the 1940s managed to maintain continuity in the development of science and education, to create the basis for the further development of Russian Sinology.

Keywords: Soviet Sinology, 1940s, Institute of Oriental Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences.

For citation: Datsyshen V.G. Problems of Soviet sinology in the second half of the 1940s. Modern oriental studies. 2021; 3(4):